Improvement of the effectiveness of making alumina by the Updated ILTD Process: alumina refineries in India as examples (Part 1)

For those who are familiar with alumina production by the Bayer Process it is evident that that the Cost of Production (COP) largely depends on the Available alumina (A.Al) and Reactive silica (R.Si) content of the particular bauxite. The caustic consumption, which is mainly dependent on A.Al and R.Si; constitutes the second largest cost item after the cost of bauxite in the Bayer process.
Image for representational purpose
In India there are large lateritic bauxite resources with medium available alumina (trihydrated alumina, THA) and medium to high Reactive SiO2 content. With the deteriorating bauxite quality, refineries are struggling to keep the alumina production cost at the low level.
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