Calculate Embedded Emissions for Unwrought Aluminium (HS7601)

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Payable emissions (tCO₂e/t)

Total CBAM Cost (€)

Notes:
There may be a difference when calculating the price with respect to import volume, carbon price, and benchmark emissions, as the embedded formula may result in minor variations due to decimal rounding. Therefore, the actual value may vary.

CBAM is applicable to trade volumes starting from 50 metric tonnes. For trade volumes below 50 metric tonnes, CBAM does not apply.

Usage Procedure – How to use the CBAM Calculator Sheet

Enter or update values only in the INPUT
PARAMETERS section (Highlighted in blue) , including
the carbon price, benchmark emissions, CBAM
chargeable percentage (as per the phase-in year),
and imported quantity.

The system will automatically calculate the payable
emissions and the total CBAM cost (€) based on the
inputs provided.

Notes:
• Change any input value to automatically update CBAM cost.
• Formula used: Carbon price × payable emissions × quantity.
• Model aligned with CBAM supplier-side illustrative methodology.

17 APRIL 2026 AL CIRCLE

The US launches a 2-year project “Mud to Metal”, focusing on gallium, titanium and rare earth

EDITED BY : STAFF EDITOR 2MINS READ

rare earth elements

US Critical Materials Corp. and Columbia University have signed a two-year research agreement to study the recovery of critical metals from red mud, a waste product generated during aluminium refining.

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The project will focus on extracting gallium, scandium, titanium, and rare earth elements, which are widely used in defence systems, semiconductors, and advanced aerospace technologies. The United States is currently fully dependent on imports for gallium and scandium, raising supply security concerns.

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The programme, named “Mud to Metal,” will be led by Greeshma Gadikota, a prominent researcher in sustainable energy and mineral recovery. She is currently serving as a professor at Columbia Engineering and director at the Lenfest Earth Institute. The research will examine red mud samples from different locations, including material linked to operations of Alcoa Corporation.

According to the agreement, red mud contains significant amounts of these metals. The project aims to develop methods to recover them efficiently and explore the possibility of scaling the process for future industrial use.

Harvey Kaye, Executive Chairman of US Critical Minerals, said, “Gallium and scandium are strategic choke points for the US defence and aerospace industrial base. This agreement with Columbia positions us to build the scientific foundation for a future domestic supply.”

Also read: The US allocates $5.4M to boost domestic gallium supply, plans to cut import reliance

The work will include studying the composition of red mud, testing extraction methods such as oxidative leaching, and developing techniques for separating and recovering different metals. It will also assess costs and environmental impact to understand whether the process can be used commercially.

Prof. Gadikota said, “Our team is focused on rigorous, environmentally responsible pathways for recovering critical metals from complex materials.”

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In addition to gallium and scandium, the programme will explore co-recovery of materials such as titanium dioxide and iron oxide, which could improve overall project value.

US Critical Materials develops rare-earth and critical minerals for US security and manufacturing. The initiative reflects broader efforts in the United States to build domestic supply chains for critical minerals and reduce reliance on imports.