

Brazil sits among the world’s five major bauxite players as of 2025-alongside Guinea, Australia, Vietnam and Indonesia-with reserves estimated at around 1.7 billion tonnes. But that hasn’t translated into higher output. Production reached 33 million tonnes in 2025, unchanged from 2024, and has been moving in the same 30–33 million tonnes range for the past five years.
{alcircleadd}This gap between what the country has and what it produces shows in other sector too. In rare earths, Brazil holds 23.3 per cent of global reserves but contributed only 0.01 per cent of output in 2024, pointing to a wider structural issue in the mining sector.
Domestic refineries shape bauxite use
A large part of the explanation is where the bauxite goes. Much of it stays inside Brazil instead of being exported, feeding the domestic alumina and aluminium value chain.
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