Numbers show resilience: Europe’s aluminium industry navigates the energy crisis with renewables
Against the backdrop of war-driven energy shocks and refinery closures, Europe and Russia’s aluminium industry has managed to keep production on a steady course. Primary aluminium output rose from 3.3 million tonnes in H1 2023 to 3.4 million tonnes in H1 2024, representing a 2.3 per cent increase and climbed further to 3.47 million tonnes, a 1.8 per cent gain compared with H1 2024.
The first quarter of 2025, particularly January to March, outperformed earlier years, though February slipped slightly compared with 2024.
Alumina production, by contrast, has been more variable. Production jumped from 2.5 million tonnes in 2023 to 2.9 million tonnes in 2024, a year-on-year increase of nearly 14.9 per cent. This sharp momentum faltered in 2025. H1 production slipped marginally to 2.8 million tonnes, a 0.4 per cent decline from 2024. Monthly data showed several weaker points in 2025, underlining alumina’s greater exposure to supply and energy disruptions.
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Alumina supply landscape in surplus, spot prices continue downward trend
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