Here’s why we deduce red mud to be aluminium industry’s next resource frontier

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For decades, the aluminium industry has lived with a structural contradiction: for every tonne of alumina produced, it generated up to 1.5 tonnes of highly alkaline waste. That equation has now reached a breaking point.
With global alumina output crossing 141 million tonnes in 2023 and 154 million tonnes in 2025, annual bauxite residue generation has already exceeded 175 million tonnes. The cumulative stockpile stands at an estimated 4 billion tonnes, making it one of the largest untapped secondary mineral reserves on the planet.
In 2026, that legacy is no longer being managed. It is being mined.
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