Alumina refining fuel consumption hit 1 million TJ in 2024 — Fuel mix transition weighs in
The International Aluminium Institute (IAI) has reported that the global alumina refining industry has had an annual consumption of 1,188,250 Terajoules (TJ) of fuel in 2024. Between 2023 and 2024, global alumina output climbed from 133.54 million tonnes to 138.59 million tonnes, a 3.8 per cent increase, yet total fuel consumption remained almost flat, inching up by just 0.4 per cent. The million terrajoules of consumption is a stark reminder of the heavy reliance of metallurgical alumina production on various energy sources.
Of the total alumina produced, 122.52 million tonnes in 2023 came from reporting refineries, against 124.72 million tonnes in 2024. The unreported share shrank from 11.02 million tonnes to 6.35 million tonnes, underscoring a push towards better disclosure. Greater transparency allows a clearer picture of where energy is consumed and how it is being managed across regions.
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The fundamentals of alumina still maintain a surplus pattern, with tender prices at a discount to online prices, driving down online prices
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