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Data shows alumina import by the Middle East surged in 2016

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Middle East is at an inflexion point and threshold of a massive economic transformation as aluminium catches the world's attention as the next biggest industry after oil. The region is now only next to China and the US in terms of market size and with recorded 5,229,115 tonnes production of primary aluminium in 2016 accounts for 10 per cent of the global total output of the metal. Its aluminium exports have also grown enormously over the years. Middle East exported 4.25 million tonnes of aluminium in 2016. Driven by this huge market growth the consumption of alumina has risen significantly.

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Till 2013, Iran was the only alumina producer in the Middle East. Production at its Jajarm refinery, operated by Iran Aluminum Co, increased by 10 per cent year-on-year in 2013. In Saudi Arabia, the Ras Al Khair alumina refinery, which started production in 2014, is slated to reach 1.8 MT per annum by 2017. It is expected to meet Ma'aden's domestic requirement of 1.4 million tonnes of alumina adequately. The surplus will be sold to a third party within the country or abroad.

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The historic and projected alumina production in the Middle East from 2005-2020 is as follows:

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Source: The U.S. Geological Survey

Middle East still remains a major importer of alumina. According to a 2014 update by The Bauxite Index, “the Middle East is the largest sink for exported alumina due to its large primary aluminium production and very small refining industry. Approximately 26% of all alumina produced is traded on a regional basis.”

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The seven major primary aluminium producing countries of the Middle East namely, UAE, Bahrain, Saudi Arabia, Oman, Qatar, Egypt, and Iran together is estimated to have imported a total volume of 7.86 million tonnes alumina in 2016. In 2017, the total alumina import by the Middle Eastern countries is estimated to come down as some of the region’s new alumina projects are scheduled to begin operations this year.

Middle East is fast moving towards attaining the much desired self-reliance in alumina refining. The construction at EGA's $3-billion Al Taweelah alumina refinery in Khalifa Industrial Zone Abu Dhabi is 37 per cent complete. EGA is developing the alumina refinery in the UAE to leverage upon the boom in regional infrastructure projects. Production at the plant is scheduled to begin in 2017.

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